Fascia of Scarpa | |
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The subcutaneous inguinal ring. (Superficial fascia visible at top.) | |
Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | membranous layer telae subcutaneae abdominis |
TA | A04.5.02.022 |
FMA | 72080 |
Anatomical terminology |
Fasciae and Ligaments of the Abdominal Wall. The abdomen is the region of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis.It is a flexible dynamic container, housing most of the organs of the digestive system and part of the urogenital system. Those structures are contained in its cavity, the abdominal cavity.
The fascia of Scarpa is the deep membranous layer(stratum membranosum), of the superficial fascia of the abdomen. It is a layer of the anterior abdominal wall. It is found deep to the Fascia of Camper and superficial to the external oblique muscle.
Structure[edit]
It is thinner and more membranous in character than the superficial fascia of Camper, and contains a considerable quantity of orange elastic fibers.
It is loosely connected by areolar tissue to the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, but in the midline it is more intimately adherent to the linea alba and the pubic symphysis, and is prolonged on to the dorsum of the penis, forming the fundiform ligament; above, it is continuous with the superficial fascia over the rest of the trunk; inferiorly, it is continuous with Colles fascia of the perineum; however, it doesn't extend into the thigh as it just attaches to its fascia, which is known as fascia lata; medially and below, it is continued over the penis and spermatic cord to the scrotum, where it helps to form the dartos.
From the scrotum it may be traced backward into continuity with the deep layer of the superficial fascia of the perineum (superficial perineal fascia or fascia of Colles).
In the female, it is continued into the labia majora and from there to the fascia of Colles.
History[edit]
It is named for Italian anatomist Antonio Scarpa.[1] His description of the membranous superficial fascia is vague in his 1809 hernia monograph.[2] Life-size illustrations included by Scarpa do not identify the layer even though some show all the other anatomical layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region. A probable description of the fascia is in the text which discusses femoral (called crural) hernia in the male. Scarpa describes that 'below the skin' we find 'a layer of condensed substance forming the second covering of the hernia' which adheres to 'the aponeurosis of the fascia lata'. A little later he describes this layer as being membranous and he believes it has a role in containing this particular herniation. In 1810, Abraham Colles described detailed methods of dissection to expose membranous superficial fascia in the lower abdomen and the inguino-perineal region including the penis and scrotum. Colles clearly associated the subcutaneous limitation of urine extravasation from a ruptured urethra with the attachments of the membranous superficial fascia to deeper structures.[3]
Clinical significance[edit]
Scarpa's belief that the fascia stops hernias from forming is not thought to be true today. Some anatomists suggest the membranous superficial fascia is the scaffold which attaches the skin to the deeper structures so that the skin does not sag with gravity but still stretches as the body flexes or changes shape with exercise.[3] The attachment of the fascia to deeper layers confines fluid which may have come from inside the body in certain diseases giving rise to clinical signs such as urethral disruption noticed by Colles and bruising in Cullen's sign or Grey Turner's sign.[3]
References[edit]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 408 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^synd/2925 at Who Named It?
- ^A. Scarpa. Sull' ernie: memorie anatomico-chirurgiche. Milano, d. reale Stamperia, 1809; 2nd edition, 1820.
- ^ abcUllah, S. M.; Grant, R. C.; Johnson, M; McAlister, V. C. (2013). 'Scarpa's fascia and clinical signs: The role of the membranous superficial fascia in the eponymous clinical signs of retroperitoneal catastrophe'. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 95 (7): 519–22. doi:10.1308/003588413X13629960048514. PMID24112501.
External links[edit]
- Anatomy photo:35:03-0103 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Anatomy figure: 35:03-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Atlas image: abdo_wall57 at the University of Michigan Health System
- Anatomy image:7410 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Anatomy image:7042 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fascia_of_Scarpa&oldid=899953751'
Fascia of Camper | |
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The subcutaneous inguinal ring. (Superficial fascia visible at top.) | |
Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | panniculus adiposus abdominis |
Anatomical terminology |
The fascia of Camper is a thick superficial layer of the anterior abdominal wall.[1][2]
It is areolar in texture, and contains in its meshes a varying quantity of adipose tissue. It is found superficial to the fascia of Scarpa.
Structure[edit]
Superficial fascia is composed of two layers: the fatty outer layer, known as Camper's fascia, and the more membranous inner layer, called Scarpa's fascia. These parts of the superficial fascia are most prominent in the lower aspect of the abdominal wall below the level of the umbilicus. Camper's fascia is continuous inferiorly with the superficial fascia of the thigh. Medial and inferior to the pubic tubercle, in the male, Scarpa's fascia changes as it continues over the scrotum and forms Dartos tunic. This layer is highly infiltrated by elastic and smooth muscle fibers and contains a minimal amount of fat. Scarpa's fascia ends inferior to the inguinal ligament fusing with the fascia lata of the thigh. In the midline, just superior to the penis, Scarpa's fascia contributes to formation of the fundiform ligament of the penis. As Scarpa's fascia continues posteriorly onto the perineum, it is called Colles' fascia.[3].
History[edit]
The structure was named after Dutch physician and anatomist Petrus Camper.[4]
References[edit]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 408 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^Cancerweb[dead link]
- ^Gray, Henry (1918). 'The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Abdomen'.
- ^'Layers of the Superficial Fascia'.
- ^'Petrus Camper'. Whonamedit.
External links[edit]
- Anatomy photo:35:03-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - 'Anterior Abdominal Wall: Layers of the Superficial Fascia'
- Anatomy figure: 35:03-02 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - 'Layers of the anterior wall.'
- Anatomy image:7041 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Anatomy image:7409 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Atlas image: abdo_wall57 at the University of Michigan Health System
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fascia_of_Camper&oldid=891970250'